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It is estimated that epilepsy, a chronic disorder of the nervous system, affects about 0.5%-2% of the population and about 10%-50% do not respond well to current antiepileptic medications and may not be candidates for surgery. For these patients, the unpredictability of seizure onset is a major cause of disability and mortality. Therefore, anticipation of an imminent seizure would be beneficial to patients because it could provide time for the application of preventive measures to keep the risk of seizure to a minimum. This paper reviews the feasibilities, the progress, existing problems and possible applications in the field of epileptic seizure prediction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Electroencephalography , Methods , Epilepsy , Diagnosis , Seizures , Diagnosis , Signal Processing, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
Objective:To detect the expression of upstream stimulatory factor 1(USF1) and its tempo-spatial distribution during mice teeth development. Methods: Total protein was extracted from P1 and P11 d mice first molar teeth germ, and Western blot for USF1 was undertaken. Paraffin sections of first molar teeth germs from E13, 16, 19, P1, 5, 8, 11, 21 d and 6-month-old adult mice were prepared respectively and immunohistochemical staining was carried out. Results: Western blot analysis identified one Mr 43 000 protein from P11 d mice teeth germs, but none from P1d mice. Immunohistochemically, evidently positive staining for USF1 in mice teeth germs began from P5 d, and extended to P11 d, which was mainly confined to the cytoplasm of secreting ameloblasts and odontoblasts, but no staining in bud, cap and early bell stages of tooth germ. However, after tooth eruption on P21 d, USF1 became negative again, although it was still positive in the adjacent muscles, and the same result was observed in adult mice tooth. Conclusion: USF1 is expressed in tooth germ, which localizes solely in secreting ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and its expression was quite dynamic during mice tooth development.
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Objective:To evaluate the physiological roles of bmp3,bmp4 and bmp7 during the formation of permanent tooth roots in dog. Methods:The expression of bmp3,bmp4 and bmp7 mRNA at different stages of the development of permanent tooth roots was examined by in situ hybridization in 3 dogs aged 12-18 weeks. Results:bmp3 was found in dental sac surrounding the germs at the early stage of tooth root development, and in cementoblasts and periodontal cells at the later stage. bmp4 was found in odontoblasts, dental papilla and osteoblasts. bmp7 positive signals was found only in epithelial cells of root sheath around cervical circulus at early stage, then located in cementoblasts and odontoblasts at later stage. Conclusion:The spatiotemporal expressions of bmp3,bmp4 and bmp7 are widely diverse, indicating that they participate in the regulation of tooth root development.
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Objective: To develop a PCR method for detecting S treptococcus sobrinus (S.s) in conventional culture. Method: A pair of specific primers were designed from the dexA gene of S.s , the genome DNA of 12 strains of Mutans Streptococci (8 serotypes from a ～h) and 23 species of the bacteria which were commonly found in oral cavity wer e tested by PCR amplification, the PCR products were identified by electrophore sis. Result: Only S.s of serotype d and g could produ ce 277 bp DNA fragments, and the PCR method could detect less than 1 000 copies of S.s. Conclusion: PCR method is specific and sen sitive in the detection of S.s.
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Objective: To compare the effects of three fluoride-containing agents on the remineralization of deciduous teeth in vitro. Methods: 36 deciduous teeth were randomly divided into four groups with 9 in each. The teeth were fenestrated on the labial middle surface and the rest parts of the teeth were covered with red nail polish.Every exposed area was etched,rinsed and puffed.Then the exposed areas were treated with 100 g/L(NH 4) 2MoO 2F 4(group ①) , 380 g/L Ag(NH 3) 2F (group ②) and APF-LaCl 3(group ③) for 3 minutes respectively, those in group④ were treated with deionized H 2O as the controls.Then,the teeth were placed into a bottle containing 5 ml remineralization solutions. 4 days later, the concentration of Ca 2+ in the remineralization solutions was measured. Results: The Ca 2+ concentrations (mmol/L) in the remineralization solution of group ①,②,③ and ④ were 0.338 9?0.116 5,0.570 0?0.145 5,0.517 8?0.084 8 and 0.120 4?0.046 8 respectively (P0.05:②vs③). Conclusion: The results indicate that all of the three fluoride-containing agents can promote the remineralization of deciduous teeth in vitro, and that both APF-LaCl 3 and 380 g/L Ag(NH 3) 2F are more effective than 100 g/L(NH 4) 2, MoO 2 F 4.
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Objective: To study the effect of nicotine on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human dental papilla mesenchymal cells in vitro. Methods: Human dental papilla mesenchymal cells were cultured in the presence of nicotine at various concentrations, ALP level of the cells was meseased at different time with an enzyme dynamical method and was expressed as A value at 410 um. Results: After 3day-exposure of the cells to nicotine(g/L) at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 the A values(per 10 5cells) were 0.64 ? 0.15, 0.61?0.03, 0.47 ? 0.05, 0.44 ? 0.06 and 0.39? 0.03; after 5-day-exposure those were 0.55 ? 0.12, 0.42?0.16, 0.29? 0.10, 0.19 ? 0. 4 and 0.10?0.02; after 7 day exposure those were 0.40? 0.12, 0.31 ? 0.10, 0.26? 0.06, 0.13? 0.02 and 0.09? 0.02, respectively. Conclusion: Nicotine inhibited the alkaline activity of human dental papilla mesenchymal cells in a dose and time dependant manner. Nicotine may play a role on the differentiation of the cells.